How Tobacco Use Teaching Methods - 1280 Words

Tobacco Use Teaching Methods Introduction Choosing the correct teaching method is important to help the learner retain and learn information in an effective and efficient way. Tobacco use is a health related topic that needs further education and intervention from a nurse. Group discussion and demonstration, and return demonstration are two teaching methods of interest to me, which I believe will be beneficial to use when educating a small group of five people about this health-related topic are. Group discussion involves the deliverance of medical information or education to a small group of individuals which may include their family so information, opinions can be exchanged with the nurse. This is simple way to deliver information to more than one person at one time if time management is a concern, and the nurse is able to build trust and rapport with the group as a whole. Demonstration and return demonstration works more effectively in a small group and involves education or teaching with the nurse and learner(s). This method also allows time for feedback from both parties. The nurse gives the learner a demonstration of a task to perform and the learner has to attempt to carry out the task back showing competence, and the nurse is on standby to give cues as needed. Group discussions Group discussions are beneficial as this teaching method is useful as it allows the learners to share information about their personal experiences and is both economically and timeShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse Prevention On Adolescents1451 Words   |  6 Pagesboth recreational and therapeutic drug use is introduced. Coincidentally, brain development and maturity is also at an all time high during this stage of life (2). When initiating the use of a therapeutic drug, the health care provider compares the risk to the benefit. 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Did you know that there are over four hundred thousand deaths caused by cigarettes and tobacco each year in the U.S. alone? That makes it about five million deaths worldwide each year, according to â€Å"Statistics about Smoking.† Smoking is notorious for causing avoidable diseases and deaths, and yet not many institutions have develop an appropriate system to prevent cigarette and tobacco from killing millions each year. For instance, all universities promote health and wellness and manyRead MoreEducation Plan For A Care For Diabetic Pat Patients Who Have Foot Ulcers Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagespatient who has minimal access to healthcare and resources. The most appropriate patient to teach is a patient who is alert, oriented, aware of his surroundings, not in pain, has recently eaten and is motivated to learn the material you are teaching. I will be teaching this to a patient that is currently in the hospital, so there are many barriers that I will have to face. 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The Concept of Bad Faith in the Philosophy of Sartre

The Concept of ‘Bad Faith’ in the Philosophy of Sartre Jean-Paul Sartre was the French philosopher and a versatile thinker and writer. He is today known for two systematic and extraordinary works in the field of philosophy. Besides these two phenomenal works- ‘Being and Nothingness’ and ‘Critique of Dialectical Reason’- Sartre developed some shorter philosophical versions including; several screenplays, plays, and novels; essays on art and literary criticism; short stories; an autobiography; scores of journalistic and political writing; and original and distinctive biographies of different writers. In the post-World War Two period, Sartre is regarded as one of the most famous philosophers with a large audience across the world. Sartre†¦show more content†¦This claim can be considered in Sartre’s comments on the actor and corresponding remarks on the problem of bad faith: â€Å"The player’s technique†¦.consists primarily in using this analogon for the imaginary emotion, which he must experience fictitiously. For feeling in the unreal is not failing to feel, but deliberately deceiving oneself about the meaning of what is being felt; indeed the player clings to the unacknowledged certainty that he is not Hamlet at the very moment when he is publicly manifesting himself as Hamlet and for the purposes of demonstration is obliged to convince himself that he is Hamlet† (Fisher, 2009). Sartre describes bad faith as the making of a person’s anguish overall his entire responsibility, his complete freedom of choice. This is generally achieved either by making any other person responsible for a specific choice of action, or by stating that we couldn’t have acted or chosen other than we did (Detmer, 1988). Sartre starts his discussion of bad faith by highlighting that it is, in fact, paradoxical. For deceiving myself, it is neces sary for me to be aware of the truth and simultaneously not aware of it. For there is no ‘deception’ if I am just wrong, and tell myself a lie that I am completely aware is true, and there does not exist self-deception if I am aware of the truth, while maintaining for my personal benefit a clear knowledge of this truth, refute or reject it just for the purpose of deceivingShow MoreRelated Sartres Philosophy Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesSartres Philosophy Sartre believed that one day man happened, or occurred, and after this anomalous event man’s life took meaning. With this theory, Sartre articulated the premise that â€Å"existence precedes essence†. Through this assumption, Sartre evolves further ideas in which a human can gain a greater understanding of human nature and responsibility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his theory stating that â€Å"existence precedes essence†, Sartre takes the belief that life has a meaning that far transcendsRead MoreUnderstanding The Phenomenon Of Bad Faith Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pages‘Bad faith’ is one of the most remarkable ideas of Sartre’s existentialist philosophy. It is a primary element of the ontology of Being and Nothingness. For Sartre, the phenomenon of bad faith is present in most or even all human activities. Simply put, bad faith refers to our attempts to evade the fundamental truth of our nature, in terms of both facts and possibilities. Bad faith is generally characterized as a â€Å"refusal to recognize what I am†, namely, a being who is both facticity and transcendenceRead More Finding an Existential Ethic Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesFinding an Existential Ethic    Existential philosophy is subject to a single, seemingly debilitating criticism: it comprises a frame of mind rather than a theory. As Mary Warnock argues in her book Existentialist Ethics, It seems that to be attracted by Existentialism is to be attracted by a mood. When it comes to serious thought, one may find . . . that it is necessary to cast off the mood and start again (57). The focus of the existentialist is on the individual, existing being. ByRead MoreSartre View on Free Will Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Kang 11/12/10 Philosophy of Human Nature Sartre proposes an interesting view on free will when he says, either man is wholly determined or else man is wholly free. This quote shows us that Sartre believes that man is free to do what he wants. For Sartre, freedom is the most basic value, which renders possible all other values the way our fundamental plan precedes and grounds our small choices. In that sense freedom is the source of all values. It is not logically possible toRead MoreEssay on Consciousness: Are We All In This Together?1266 Words   |  6 Pages I chose to look into the thoughts and beliefs of Karl Marx and Jean-Paul Sartre. Marx and Sartre are similar in their philosophy in that they both agree that our existence defines the essence(s) of our consciousness, but they differ when discussing their ways of achieving consciousness. For Marx, consciousness is sought through the materials we, humans, produce through our labor and social and religious practices. Sartre, on the other hand, thinks that conscious ness is a â€Å"nothing† and must be definedRead MoreCondemned Freedom: Sartre1417 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolved in discussing international politics Sartre said, â€Å"No matter what I write. I am always in contradiction with myself and with society. That is what being an intellectual means† (M. I. Kindred). The following essay will explain how a contradiction of himself weakens one of the philosopher’s most famous quotes. In examining Sartre’s idea of humans being â€Å"condemned to be free,† there will be logical faults. There will be contradictions with this concept from Sartre’s life. There will also be dissentingRead MoreAnalysis Of Know Thyself 1499 Words   |  6 Pagesfactor connecting western and eastern philosophy and modern with ancient philosophy. When Sartre takes up the question in Transcendence of the Ego, it marks a fundamental shift in the western philosophical tradition. Beginning with Descartes, and continuing up to Ka nt and Husserl, the I was something internal that we had immediate and certain access to, Sartre challenges this notion, by suggesting that the ego is an object transcendent to consciousness. Sartre s claim of the transcendence of theRead MoreExistentialism Is Humanism Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesauthentically is a question that arises when speaking of existentialism and humanism. Authenticity describes the mode of being true to one self, living an honest and free life. Both Nietzsche and Sartre propose ideas and perspectives on the nature of human life and their existence. As human beings, Sartre and Nietzsche identify how we, possibly unknowingly, alienate ourselves from the modes of living authentically instead of accepting into authentic practices. In Sartre’s â€Å"Being and Nothingness† andRead More Sartre and the Rationalization of Human Sexuality Essay2700 Words   |  11 PagesSartre and the Rationalization of Human Sexuality ABSTRACT: Sartre rationalizes sexuality much like Plato. Rationalization here refers to the way Sartre tries to facilitate explanation by changing the terms of the discussion from sexual to nonsexual concepts. As a philosophy which, above all, highlights those features of human existence which seem most resistant to explanation, one would expect existentialism to highlight sexuality as a category that is crucial for considering human existenceRead MoreDefinition Of Capitalism By Karl Marx1155 Words   |  5 Pagesaliantion is based in the mind or religion but rather that it is based in the material world. Question 7 of 10 What did Marx mean when he said, that the economic system is the base of society? Karl marx developed two linked theoretical concepts, the concepts of Base and of Superstructure. Base refers to the forces and relations of production, all the people and the roles that they play, and the materials and resources that are involved in producing the things that are needed by society. Base is

Significance of Effective team in Project MGMT Free-Samples

Question: Critically Discuss the role of teams and team development in Project Management utilising appropriate theoretical models to identify how teams can be created, Managed, led and Damaged. Answer: Introduction The work of the effective team is important for the successful operation to the organization and the strong team will create it with the hard times. This is very necessary that organization should know who they can build the blocks that are having high performing teams. There are conscious efforts that are required for helping the work of individual or group together as the team. There are times when team finds difficulties in working all together, but this type of things is considered as general organizational or group aspect of the life. Positive relations within team and good performance of team required get maintaining and developing and there are building blocks or few features that enable the teams for working well together. In this research report we are providing details about 11 types of the building blocks that are necessary for developing the teams. building blocks Below are the building blocks that are needed for developing the plan which builds on the strengths and enhances the weakness areas of the project team: Objective should be clear Mutually agreed objectives and aims and each member of the team has clear understanding for the goal. For developing this: Write the brochure that is publishing team work, user-friendly plan for the team is produced, the day for team planning is hold and always review the objectives and the mission of the project. Balanced roles Good balance of the aspirations, abilities and skills should be there. Each individual in the team should have clear understanding for each others role so that they can achieve the overall objectives of the team. For developing this: While creating the development plan contain the roles of the team, Give development opportunities like leadership, rotated chairing, work of the project, rotation of job and delegation. (Agarwal 2003) Effective processes Good processes are there for reviewing, implementing, communicating and making the decision. There are resource co-ordination and systems for effective information. For developing this: Create the reference list that is easy for team procedures, Team process should get linked to personal development and individual appraisal, Clear minutes will be there which act as reminder, Set the team agenda as agreed and finally review the existing process. Good communication Effective communication in meeting and they are very productive also. For developing this: From different team invite people, always keep informed about the important problems to the team, In team meeting always include the information slot, at team meeting include the section of briefing the meeting and discuss how team can make full use of the various communication methods such as team meetings, phone, notice board, message books and electronic. (Ahearn 2004) Appropriate leadership Team leader is the one whom whole team trusts and believes. For developing this: Adapt the style of leadership and assess the team development stages, give feedback to each team member as per leadership style, encourage various members of the team for taking lead on some of the tasks or small projects and on understanding of the leadership hold the discussion within team. Trust and support Employees support each other by providing help, encouraging the experimentation, offering various ideas, evaluating and listening. For developing this: build achievements of the team, show appreciation for the people who share their achievement and encourage them, for social contact find various opportunities, for the join issues provide opportunities, create the open communication and permit time for discussing about developed shared values and various individual perspectives. Conflict and Openness Honestly and openly people express themselves Mutual co-operation Individuals experience, knowledge and abilities are pooled and utilize them by team. Within team there should be acceptance for each others weakness and strengths. (Albrecht 2003) Individual development Openly mistakes are faced and they are treated as vehicle for the learning. Opportunities are provided to individual for developing the new experience and skills. Reward and identify the achievement, in the team plans make sure there is an inclusion of development and training. Sound relations inter-group There is good relations of the team with agencies, departments and other teams and respecting and values them. There should be a open day for the team, create joint plan and projects that is very helpful. Regular review The team reviews the goals and performance and practice and priorities. For developing this: bring third party comment to observer on the performance of the team, create procedures for reviewing the achievement for team standards and aims. (Anderson 2004) Team Roles Individual's diverse qualities will imply that are preferable in a few capacities over others. One of the biggest strength for the effective team lies in blend of abilities and talents. Leader This is the leader of the project team and makes basic reason |provides correspondence and vision | illuminates goals | ensures everyone is included, committed and spurred |coordinates the endeavors of the gathering | guarantees that choices are gained and the gathering makes ground Thinker There the one in the team who are responsible for creating ideas and gathers and examinations data | tunes in to what is being said and watches what is happening | is once in a while calm before contributing thoughts | thoroughly considers the issue | sees arrangements envisions issues. Achiever They are the ones who will turn the ideas from thinker into action and needs to succeed and takes a stab at results |wants to advance towards the objective rapidly |becomes anxious with postponements | challenges presumptions and proposes upgrades | has heaps of excitement | questions lack of concern (Aub 2011) Carer These are the ones who work as resource investigator who explores various contact and opportunities and is worried that everyone is fitting in |contributes amusingness and fabricates connects around the group |works to build up a solidarity |is quick to get everybody to concur |watches out for emotions and demeanors |eases pressure furthermore, encourages a positive soul. Doer They are the specialists who have technical skills and knowledge and continuously needs to be dynamic |is arranged to get required to help other people |wants to see improvement and adherence to plans |gets exhausted with excessively dialog |hates time squandering |works difficult to complete the assignment Team Leadership Leadership things and style help in thinking about the skills that are developed for the leader of the team. Leadership for the team plays crucial role in the success or failure of the team. Leading the small team of operators might not compare the challenges for leading the large and complex company. Skills for team leader Below are the things which the team leader requires to have: Optimism and preserve the spirit of the team in resource time scarcity rapidly join a group/association around reconsidered or new objectives in the quick changing condition accept differing and frequently emphatically held perspectives among partner agencies, service users, staff, trustees and funders in creating methodology create inventive groups who can rapidly exploit new open doors (Barrick 2009) There are various ways to deal with leadership that connection group improvement with elite. Three major functions of the leadership are building the team, developing an individual and achieving the task. Leadership style The style received by the pioneer will majorly affect the execution of the group. The Situational Leadership model of Blanchard's and Hersey show proposes that pioneers ought to embrace an alternate style contingent upon each given circumstance and the improvement level of the group. Groups experience phases of improvement as they move from "shaping" to development. A noteworthy part for the pioneer is to help the group create through stages until they achieve elite. Helping groups through these stages incorporates adjusting your leadership style. In the early stages a more order approach manufactures security, trust and trust in the pioneer's capacity. As groups turn out to be more powerful, a more participative style of leadership ends up noticeably proper. Duty and leadership can be shared among colleagues. (Bunderson 2003) Lao Tzu defined leadership as: "With respect to the best pioneers, the general population doesnt see their reality. The following best, the general population respect and acclaim. The following, the general population fear; and the following, the general population detests. At the point when the best pioneer's work is done the general population say 'we did it ourselves'.'' Skills need for leadership Below are some of the skills that are required for the leadership: Effectively communicate within team, with customer and senior management Focus should always be on the project goal and motivate team members about the aim Always help team members by taking challenges and risks in the project Courage should be demonstrated in the project Within team trust should be build and all members should trust the leader of the team (Bryman 2006) Team development stages The understanding of the group dynamics support that lead the team through development stages. Change is a progressing highlight of most non benefit associations. As new activities and regions of work grow, new groups shape and disband, and new individuals go back and forth. Groups might be continually evolving. As they do as such they will experience diverse phases of improvement. A comprehension of gathering elements can help you lead your group through from early phases of shaping to high performing group. (Carton 2012) Group Dynamics Dynamics of group are the concealed strengths that impact the way a group relates and carries on. Every individual in a gathering brings singular needs that they need the gathering to meet. Specific elements happen as people attempt to fulfill these necessities in the gathering. The way group demonstrations can in this way be viewed as the interaction of at least one individuals needs. The vast majority of this happens unwittingly, so individuals don't know about the fundamental needs administering their own particular or the group's conduct. In any case we can impact the way a group acts on the off chance that we perceive the requirements propelling people. (Fisk 2002) Individual and group objectives are frequently working couple. In any case, in some cases they can be experiencing some miscommunication, producing concealed motivation. Here and there people know that they have a shrouded motivation. Regularly they are not intentionally mindful but rather their conduct demonstrates that all is not well. Stages of Team Development Tuckmans created the theoretical model for the development of the team and it contains 4 phases: Forming In this stage there is high dependency for the direction and guidance from the leader. Storming - Colleagues compete for position as they endeavor to set up themselves in connection to other colleagues and the pioneer, who may get challenges from colleagues. Norming - Understanding and agreement to a great extent shapes among the group, who react well to help by pioneer. Parts and duties are clear and acknowledged. Performing - The group is all the more deliberately mindful; the group knows unmistakably why it is doing what it is doing. The group has a common vision and can remain all alone feet with no obstruction or investment from the pioneer. Adjourning For the teams of the project, temporary committees, at end tasks are forces, there will get finalizing the phases as they identify and celebrate the achievement of the group. Stages of Team Stage 1 Inclusion This is the yearning to interface and connect with other individuals. Right off the bat in a gathering, people need to cooperate and manufacture connections. They have to get comfortable with each different as there seem to be, so far, no nearby ties. There can be a great deal of anxiety, pressure and versatility as people attempt to discover common interests, partners, and conceivable outcomes. (Halvorsen 2013) Four major tasks: For negotiate agreement for team working Create cohesion and trust Establish control and structure Foster members will desire to the team part Stages 2 Control This worries control, specialist, status, impact and basic leadership. The distress of making and acclimating to this new structure appears in specific practices. These can incorporate deviating from group, power struggles, sub-growing, withdrawal, scapegoating and hostility standards. It's not useful for the group pioneer to feel excessively in charge of this, to battle back or essentially overlook it. It's an opportunity to hold enduring, permit expression and urge the entire group to assume liability for determination. (Kozlowski 2006) For main tasks: Protect the standards Support team to get productive Maintain the well-being team Give good leadership without authoritarian Stages 3 Affection The "fondness" stage is about building enthusiastic ties and choosing the level of closeness inside the group. There is a feeling of personality and pulling together. Support and association increment, colleagues are touchier to each other. Relational connections balance out and an all the more trusting and steady condition creates. The group will probably be working agreeably. There is more noteworthy development and self-assurance. There is the potential for more prominent inclusion and association. This implies the group pioneer can embrace a less focal part and urge the group to accomplish its very own greater amount work. (Mach 2012) Role of the team leader: Creating the teamwork for choice, creativity, goodwill and co-operation The personal value for each member of the team by using the unique skills and qualities Group is enabled and be productive Modeling and providing the good leadership guiding What makes an effective team? The building blocks have effective team in place Objectives are clear: Mutually agreed on the objectives and aims Roles are balanced: Good balance for aspirations, abilities and skills Effective process: Good process for reviewing decisions, executing, communicating and making Good communication: Effective communication and meetings will be productive Appropriate leadership: Team leader should be trusted by all the members of the team Trust and help: People support each other by providing support, encouraging the experimentation, offering ideas, evaluating and listening (Mumford 2000) Conflict and openness: Honestly and openly express the people Mutual co-operation: Individual experience, knowledge and abilities are used and pooled by team Individual development: "Slip-ups" are confronted transparently and utilized as a vehicle for learning. People are offered chances to grow new aptitudes and experience. Sound relations for inter-group: The group appreciates great relations with different groups, offices and organizations, each esteeming and regarding the other. Regular review: The group consistently surveys its execution and objectives and changes its needs and practice in the light of audit. (Nielsen 2013) Steps for creating an effective team Consider every representative's thoughts as profitable - Keep in mind that there is no such thing as a dumb thought. Know about representatives' implicit sentiments - Set a case to colleagues by opening up to workers and touchy to their mind-sets and sentiments. Go about as a fitting impact - Search for opportunities to intercede and resolve minor question; indicate constantly the group's higher objectives. Be clear when imparting - Be mindful so as to clear up orders. Support trust and collaboration among representatives - Keep in mind that the connections colleagues build up among themselves (Ordery 2009) Urge colleagues to share data - Stress the significance of each colleague's commitment and show how the greater part of their occupations work together to draw the whole group nearer to its objective. Appoint critical thinking assignments - Give the group a chance to take a shot at inventive arrangements together. Encourage correspondence - Keep in mind that correspondence is the absolute most critical calculate fruitful collaboration. Encouraging correspondence does not mean holding gatherings constantly. Build up group qualities and objectives; assess group execution -Make sure to chat with individuals about the advance they are making toward built up objectives so representatives get a sense both of their prosperity and of the difficulties that lie ahead. Ensure that you have an unmistakable thought of what you have to fulfill; that you comprehend what your guidelines for achievement will be; that you have built up clear time periods; and that colleagues comprehend their duties. (Pinar 2008) Utilize agreement - Set destinations, take care of issues, and plan for activity. Set guidelines for the group - These are the standards that you and the group set up to guarantee proficiency and achievement. Build up a technique for touching base at an accord. You might need to direct open level headed discussion about the upsides and downsides of proposition, or set up research councils to explore issues and convey reports. Energize tuning in and conceptualizing - As administrator, your first need in making agreement is to animate verbal confrontation. (Zaccaro 2004) Conclusion Casualness and in addition Participation will keep in mind the end goal to manufacture a compelling group, the atmosphere must be casual, agreeable, and also casual. There ought to be no strain or any indications of fatigue. Groups appreciate getting together, they cooperate effortlessly. There ought to be heaps of genial joking and giggling. Have seating plans keeping in mind the end goal to encourage this. A circle is the best seating course of action for the most part, while a run of the mill classroom game plan is the most exceedingly bad. Tuning in provide exceptionally proficient group has the colleagues who utilize the powerful listening methods. These incorporate addressing, rewording, and also condensing so as to get out thoughts. Listening is the best element that recognizes successful groups from insufficient groups. The capacity to truly listen is an exceedingly imperative aptitude. Each colleague needs to have it. Listening gives you a chance to comprehend what the other individual is stating. In addition, it demonstrates the other individual that you're occupied with what he/she needs to state. In any case, every one of us experience normal listening issues. (Sundaresan 2012) References Agarwal, R. (2003) Teamwork in the netcentric organization, inInternational Handbook of Organizational Teamwork and Cooperative Working(eds M.A. West, D. Tjosvold and K.G. Smith), John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp. 443462. Ahearn, K.K., Ferris, G.R., Hochwarter, W.A.et al. (2004) Leader political skill and team performance.Journal of Management,30(3), 309327. Albrecht, S.L. and Travaglione, A. (2003) Trust in public senior management during times of turbulent change.International Journal of Human Resource Management,14, 117. Anderson, N. and Sleap, S. (2004) An evaluation of gender differences on the Belbin Team Role Self-Perception Inventory.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,77(3), 429437. Aub, C.; Rousseau, V. (2011). "Interpersonal aggression and team effectiveness: The mediating role of team goal commitment".Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.84(3): 56 Barrick, M. R.; Stewart, G. L.; Neubert, Mitchell J.; Mount, Michael K. (2009) "Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness.".Journal of Applied Psychology.83(3): 377391 Bunderson, J. S. (2003) "Team member functional background and involvement in management teams: direct effects and the moderating role of power centralizationAcademy of Management Journal.46(4): 458474 Bryman, A. (2006). Leadership in organizations. In Clegg S. R., Hardy, C. and Nord, W. R. (Eds).Handbook of Organization Studies, pp.276-292 Carton, A. M.; Cummings, J. N. (2012). "A Theory of Subgroups in Work Teams".Academy of Management Review.37(3): 441470. Fisk, P. (2002). The making of a digital leader.Business Strategy Review, 13 (1), 43-50. Halvorsen, K. (2013). "Team decision making in the workplace: A systematic review of discourse analytic studies".Journal of Applied Linguistics Professional Practice.7(3): 273296 Kozlowski, S. W.J.; Ilgen, D. R. (2006). "Enhancing the Effectiveness of Work Groups and Teams".Psychological Science in the Public Interest.7(3): 77124 Mach, M.; Dolan, S.; Tzafrir, S. (2010) "The differential effect of team members' trust on team performance: The mediation role of team cohesion".Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.83(3): 771794 Mumford, M.D., Zaccaro, S.J., Connelly, M.S., Marks, M.A. (2000). Leadership skills: conclusions and future directions.Leadership Quarterly, 11 (1), 155-70. Nielsen, B.; Nielsen, S. (2013) "Top management team nationality diversity and firm performance: A multilevel study".Strategic Management Journal.34(3): 373382. Ordery, J. (2009) "Leading Parallel Global Virtual Teams:".Organizational Dynamics.38(3): 204216 Pinar; R., Kari; G., Odd E. (2008) "A multiagent framework for coordinated parallel problem solving".Applied Intelligence.33(2): 132143 Sundaresan, S.; Zhang, Z. (2012) "Parallel teams for knowledge creation: Role of collaboration and incentives".Decision Support Systems.54(1): 109121 Zaccaro, S. J., Kemp, C., Bader, P. (2004) Leader traits and attributes, In J. Antonakis, A. T. Cianciolo, R. J. Sternberg (Eds.)The nature of leadership(pp. 101-124)

The Dead Sea Scrolls Essays (1545 words) - Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran

The Dead Sea Scrolls THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS Hum. 211 Karen Rank Sunday, October 17, 1999 While pursuing one of his goats into a cave near the Dead Sea in the Jordan Desert, in 1947, a fifteen year old boy by the name of Muhammad adh-Dhib, stumbled on to a great discovery. Inside the cave, he found broken jars that contained scrolls written in a strange language, wrapped in linen cloth and leather.1 This first discovery produced seven scrolls and started an archaeological search that produced thousands of scroll fragments in eleven caves. The Dead Sea is located in Israel and Jordan, east of Jerusalem. The dead sea is very deep, salty, and it's the lowest body of water in the world. Because the dead sea is at such a low elevation, the climate has a high evaporation rate but a very low humidity which helped to preserve the scrolls.2 Archaeologists searched for the dwelling of the people that may have left the scrolls in the caves. The archaeologist excavated a ruin located between the cliffs where the scrolls were found and the dead sea. This ruin is called Qumran. The ruins and the scrolls were dated by the carbon 14 method and found to be from the third century which made them the oldest surviving biblical manuscript by at least 1000 years. Since the first discoveries archaeologists have found over 800 scrolls and scroll fragments in 11 different caves in the surrounding area. In fact, there are about 100,000 fragments found in all. Most of which were written on goat skin and sheep skin. A few were on papyrus, a plant used to make paper, but one scroll was engraved on copper sheeting telling of sixty buried treasure sites.3Because the scrolls containing the directions to the treasures is unable to be fully unrolled, the treasures have not been found yet. In all, the texts of the scrolls were remarkable. They contained unknown psalms, Bible commentary, calendar text, mystical texts, apocalyptic texts, liturgical texts, purity laws , bible stories, and fragments of every book in the Old Testament except that of Esther, including a imaginative paraphrase of the Book of Genesis. Also found were texts, in the original languages, of several books of the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha. These texts?none of which was included in the Hebrew canon of the Bible?are Tobit, Sirach, Jubilees, portions of Enoch, and the Testament of Levi, up to this time known only in early Greek, Syriac, Latin, and Ethiopic versions.4 John Trever of the W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research, was allowed to investigate the scrolls and was stunned to find that the scrolls closely resemble the Nash Papyrus, the once known oldest fragment of the Hebrew Bible dated at or around 150 BC. One of the scrolls was a complete copy of the book of the prophet Isaiah. Trever also examined three other scrolls; the Manual of Discipline, a commentary on the book of Habbakuk, and one called the Genesis Apocryphon. Trever took photographs of the texts to William Foxwell Albright ; of John Hopkins University in Baltimore, who declared the scrolls dated back to around 100 BC.5 The scroll and fragments found in the Qumran is a library of information that contains books or works written in three different languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. Many scholars separated the scrolls into three different categories: Biblical - Books found in the Hebrew Bible. Apocryphal or psuedepigraphical - Works not in some Bibles but included in others. Sectarian - ordinances, biblical commentaries, apocalyptic visions, and sacred works.6 One of the longer text, found in Qumran is the Tehillim or Psalms Scroll. It was found in 1956 in cave 11 and unrolled in 1961. It is a assortment of Psalms, hymns and an indifferent passage about the psalms authored by King David. It is written on sheep skin parchment and it has the thickest surface of any of the scrolls.7 The Manual Of Discipline or Community Rule contains rules, warnings and punishments to violators of the rules of the desert sect called Yahad. It also contains the methods of joining the community, the relations among the members, their way of life , and their beliefs. The sect believed that human nature and all that happens in the world is predestined. The scroll ends with songs of praise of God. The scroll was found in cave 4 and cave 5 and It was written on parchment. The longest version was found in cave 4.8 The War Rule is commonly

Crowding Impact in the Prison System essays

Crowding Impact in the Prison System essays Prison overcrowding is one of the biggest challenges facing the corrections system today, and nowhere is it a bigger problem than in the State of California, where "The number of drug offenders imprisoned in the state today is more than twice the number of inmates who were imprisoned for all crimes in 1978" (Schlosser). Much of this overcrowding directly results from increased "war on drugs" in the past decade. Expert Schlosser continues, "During the past two decades roughly a thousand new prisons and jails have been built in the United States. Nevertheless, America's prisons are more overcrowded now than when the building spree began, and the inmate population continues to increase by 50,000 to 80,000 people a Many experts agree that not only are our prisons dangerously overcrowded, they are at the breaking point mostly because of the war on drugs, and that war on drugs has become a massive societal failure. It is costing the nation's taxpayers massive amounts of money in new prisons and to keep prisoners incarcerated, and yet drug use continues unchecked in many of our major metropolitan areas. The war on drugs is not working - rather, it is a criminal justice nightmare playing itself out in the judicial and prison systems of our nation. California is at the lead in overcrowding problems created largely by the war on drugs. The problem is so bad that arrests are not being made throughout the state, because there is simply nowhere to put the accused, the jails are already filled to capacity. "The state's backlog of arrest warrants now stands at about 2.6 million the number of arrests that have not been made, the report says, largely because there's no room in the jails" (Schlosser). Often, judges release lawbreakers held for lesser offenses to make room for criminals with more violent and dangerous backgrounds. In fact, while it would be ...

Personal Response to Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Response to Poems - Essay Example As do the plums, with their taut skin and juice, the tart flesh, all connected to the word 'delicious', suggesting a sensual, selfish, joyful gluttony, which children often indulge in. It makes me want to laugh, it is almost naughty. In Mary Oliver's 'August', the imagery here combines a joy of eating fruit again, but shows a child happy with nature and its own company, a pleasure in just 'being', conjured up in the way the poet says 'my body accepts what it is'. 'The Word Plum' stands out as concentrating entirely on the fruit and the sensations it elicits, while the others give more descriptive and external images to link the fruit and the child to an environment. In Roethke's 'My Papa's Waltz', there are sad and slightly dangerous undertones. The feeling aroused here is one of concern for the potential destruction of the little boy's happiness. I begin to become worried for him, despite his enjoyment and excitement, as something unpredictable and frenetic is present, I think the whiskey smell alerts me to this feeling. The words 'But I hung on like death' are significant, this father is creating mayhem, wrecking the room, and the child is half-delighted, half-fearful of the final outcome. But for love of his father, he suffers this delicious fear, as well as the buckle scraping his face. Even more sad is Robert Hayden's 'Those Winter Sundays'. I think of the fathers who work so hard and do so many unnoticed kindnesses, who are taken for granted. The child does this, the voice of the poet as a man, is filled with regret. There is also a feeling of potential disturbance expressed in the words 'and slowly did I rise and dress fearing the chronic angers of that house'. The last two poems of this group, while recalling childhood memories, suggest a more mature understanding, an awakening to the dangers which can effect the happiness of a child. They also make me think that with this awareness comes the realization that there are things a child cannot control or fully understand, but that despite this, they will try to remain h appy, to keep their innocence intact. All the poems suggest love is abundant, in various forms. The next group of poems also speaks of love, with many facets depicted, but it is the grown-up reality of the ways of the world which are portrayed. Marilyn Hacker's 'Villanelle' shares, I think, the discovery of young, physical love and tries to deepen understanding of how it takes over ones life, as in 'routines are harder to perpetuate.' It brings out a feeling of striving for what cannot be fully understood or attained; complete possession of another, because the separation may be as much mental as physical. Louise Gluck seems to echo this in 'Parable of Faith'. The other three poems seem to be more mature, or have more certainty, without losing the wonder of being in love, or loving deeply. For example, 'Love Poem' by John Frederick Nims tells of somebody accepting the beloved's faults or apparent inadequacies, the small, everyday things that do not really matter, because the essence of the person is far greater than these, and he loves her for that. 'With words and people and

Masaccio, The Holy Trinity, 1425, fresco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Masaccio, The Holy Trinity, 1425, fresco - Essay Example In this regard, Masaccio succinctly employed the illusionistic property of the linear perspective. Incidentally, the painting portrays a chapel with a resonant interior that give the impression of opening up to the viewer. In the interior, there are Ionic columns, barrel-vault top, and Corinthian pilasters. At the center is the crucified representation of Jesus Christ as he is viewed above by the Holy Spirit and God, an on either side is the Virgin Mary and the evangelist John. All the depictions in the painting, except for that of God, have individually covered a three dimensional space. Furthermore, Masaccio painted life-size and realistic impression of Domenic Lenzi and his wife in the front part of the pillars that act as an entrance to the chapel. The entire chapel and its residents portray a trompe l’oeil effect that provided the perfect evidence on the application of realistic depth within a flat painting. The meaning derived from the Holy Trinity is that everlasting li fe can only be achieved through the power of prayer as represented by the praying donors, and through intercession of holy paintings as depicted by Saint John and the Virgin Mary, and a staunch belief in Jesus Christ. In conclusion, The Holy Trinity is the perfect example of early Renaissance art that synthesizes religion, Biblical art and science. It equally portrays faith as a mystery and the perfection inherent in God through dignity in human nature and classical